Valor pronóstico de la parathormona postoperatoria de 24 horas en el manejo de la hipocalcemia tras tiroidectomía total en un hospital de Valencia durante 2012-2019

Introducción: La hipocalcemia por hipoparatiroidismo es la complicación más frecuente tras tiroidectomía total. Un factor predictor importante de hipocalcemia es la parathormona postoperatoria, pero el momento en el que otorga mejores resultados predictivos aún se discute. Objetivo: El objetivo es analizar el valor pronóstico de la parathormona postoperatoria a las 24 horas como indicador de hipocalcemia, en comparación con la seriación de los niveles de calcio. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo y descriptivo de 297 pacientes intervenidos de tiroidectomía total durante ocho años. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en tres grupos de riesgo según la parathormona postoperatoria (alto, medio y bajo riesgo). Para comparar la parathormona frente al calcio postoperatorio como predictor de hipocalcemia, se obtuvieron curvas ROC y áreas debajo de la curva. Resultados: El riesgo relativo de tener hipocalcemia con parathormona ≤15 pg/mL es de 353,4 (p = 0,00). La prueba de parathormona postoperatoria (≤15 pg/mL a las 24 h) obtuvo una sensibilidad del 96,25 % para la detección de hipocalcemia, especificidad del 94,06 % y precisión global del 95,03 %. El grupo de alto riesgo (parathormona ≤15 pg/mL) concentra la mayoría de los pacientes con hipocalcemia, y abarca la totalidad de los casos permanentes. Conclusiones: La parathormona postoperatoria a las 24 horas de la tiroidectomía total es un test con un valor pronóstico considerable, capaz de predecir el riesgo de hipocalcemia postquirúrgica. Se encontró que los pacientes con parathormona >15 pg/mL pueden ser dados de alta de manera segura.

Introduction: Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. An important predictive factor of hypocalcaemia is postoperative parathormone (PTH), but the optimal time for testing PTH levels is under discussion. Objectives: The objective is to analyze the prognostic value of postoperative PTH at 24 hours as an indicator of hypocalcaemia, compared to serum calcium levels. Methodology: Descriptive retrospective observational study of 297 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy over an 8-year period. The patients were classified into 3 risk groups according to postoperative parathormone (high, medium and low risk). To compare parathormone versus postoperative calcium as a predictor of hypocalcemia, ROC curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were obtained. Results: The relative risk of having hypocalcemia with parathormone ≤ 15 pg/mL is 353.4 (p = 0.00). The postoperative parathormone test (≤ 15 pg / mL at 24h) obtained a sensitivity of 96.25% for the detection of hypocalcemia, specificity of 94.06% and global precision of 95.03%. The high-risk group (parathormone ≤ 15 pg/mL) accounts for the vast majority of patients with hypocalcemia and covers all permanent cases. Conclusions: Postoperative levels 24 hours after total thyroidectomy is a test with considerable prognostic value, capable of predicting the risk of postsurgical hypocalcemia. Patients with levels over > 15 pg/mL can be safely discharged.

Odynophagia as the first manifestation of toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are infrequent mucocutaneous diseases, rapidly progressive and life-threatening. The clinical aspects and the management of TEN are exposed following a case.A man in his 40s presented to the emergency department with severe odynophagia, poor general condition and fever. His medical history was significant for HIV stage AIDS, and the treatment was discontinued 5 years before the present diagnosis. He was admitted for cerebral toxoplasmosis and discharged the previous 14 days with sulfadiazine. Erythematous-bullous lesions in the oral cavity, diffuse erythematous maculopapular rashes over his neck and chest, acute bilateral conjunctivitis and purulent urethritis was observed. The diagnostic suspicion was SJS/TEN due to sulfadiazine in immunosuppressed patients.This entity is infrequent but is a life-threatening dermatological emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Its diagnosis is mainly clinical, with a new drug history, prodromal symptoms and characteristic cutaneous-mucous lesions. Early diagnosis and rapid withdrawal of the drug improve the prognosis.

[Hypopharyngeal cancer: analysis of the evolution and treatment results]. / Cáncer de hipofaringe: análisis de la evolución y los resultados del tratamiento en nuestro medio.

OBJECTIVE: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy usually diagnosed at a late state, thereby resulting in overall poor prognosis and low survival rates for these patients. The purpose of this study is to present the progress and outcomes of patients treated for hypopharyngeal carcinoma at our department. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 89 patients who had been diagnosed with hypopharygeal carcinoma between 1980 and 2005. Most of the tumours were advanced (T3 and T4) and 73 % showed palpable regional metastases at presentation. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate was 40.7 %. The overall incidence of distant metastases and subsequent primary neoplasms was 7.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypopharyngeal cancer is still the one with the worst prognosis in the head and neck area. The poor survival rate seems to be related primarily to advanced stage disease at presentation and particularly to the status of cervical lymph-node metastases.

Cáncer de hipofaringe: análisis de la evolución y los resultados del tratamiento en nuestro medio / Hypopharyngeal cancer: analysis of the evolution and treatment results

Objetivo: el cáncer de hipofaringe es un cáncer muy agresivo que generalmente se diagnostica en estadios muy avanzados, su pronóstico es desalentador y la tasa de supervivencia, muy baja. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar la evolución y los resultados de los pacientes tratados de cáncer de hipofaringe en nuestro servicio. Material y método: realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en 89 pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de hipofaringe entre los años 1980 y 2005. En su mayoría se trataba de tumores avanzados (T3 y T4) y el 73 % presentaba adenopatías palpables en el momento del diagnóstico. Resultados: la supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 40,7 %. Encontramos una incidencia de metástasis a distancia y segundos tumores primarios de un 7,5 y un 23,5 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el carcinoma de hipofaringe continúa siendo el cáncer de cabeza y cuello de pronóstico peor. La tasa de supervivencia parece estar relacionada primariamente con el estadio tumoral de presentación y, de forma particular, con el estado de los ganglios linfáticos cervicales (AU)

Objective: hypopharyngeal carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy usually diagnosed at a late state, thereby resulting in overall poor prognosis and low survival rates for these patients. The purpose of this study is to present the progress and outcomes of patients treated for hypopharyngeal carcinoma at our department. Material and method: We retrospectively reviewed 89 patients who had been diagnosed with hypopharygeal carcinoma between 1980 and 2005. Most of the tumours were advanced (T3 andT4) and 73 % showed palpable regional metastases at presentation. Results: The five-year survival rate was 40.7 %. The overall incidence of distant metastases and subsequent primary neoplasms was 7.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. Conclusions: Hypopharyngeal cancer is still the one with the worst prognosis in the head and neck area. The poor survival rate seems to be related primarily to advanced stage disease at presentation and particularly to the status of cervical lymph-node metastases (AU)

[Revision stapedectomy]. / Cirugía de revisión de las estapedectomías.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the causes of failure in otosclerosis surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed 23 revisions of stapedectomy during the period between January 2000 and April 2005. The time between the primary surgery and the revision surgery ranged from 3 months to 25 years. The most frequent reasons for revision surgery were first of all patients with closed initial gap and progressive hearing loss in 56.52 % of cases and secondly patients without any initial hearing improvement in 39.12 % of cases. RESULTS: The main surgical findings were: short prosthesis in correct position (13.04 %), displaced prosthesis (60.87 %), bridles over the oval window (65.22 %), necrosis of the long process of the incus (26.2 %), and obliterative footplate (26.09 %). As for the audiometric results, we got a complete closure of gap in 60.8 % of patients (n = 14), partial closure of gap in 13.2 % (n = 3), persistence of the initial gap in 21.7 % (n = 5), and cophosis in 4.3 % (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The migration of the prosthesis is the main cause of failure after stapedectomy. Good closure of the gap was achieved in two thirds of the patients.

Cirugía de revisión de las estapedectomías / Revision stapedectomy

Objetivo: Determinar las causas del fracaso en la cirugía de revisión de la estapedectomía. Material y método: Se realizaron 23 cirugías de revisión de estapedectomías en el período comprendido entre enero de 2000 y abril de 2005. El tiempo transcurrido desde la primera cirugía varió desde un mínimo de 3 meses a un máximo de 25 años, con una media de 5,2 años. Los motivos más frecuentes de la revisión quirúrgica fueron, en primer lugar, los pacientes con cierre de umbral diferencial auditivo (UDA) inicial y pérdida auditiva posterior en el 56,52 %, y en segundo lugar, los pacientes sin ganancia auditiva inicial en el 39,12 %. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos quirúrgicos son los siguientes: prótesis corta en posición correcta (13,04 %), prótesis desplazada (60,87 %), bridas sobre la ventana oval (65,22 %), necrosis de rama larga del yunque (26,2 %) y platina reobliterada (26,09 %). En cuanto a los resultados audiométricos, obtuvimos un cierre completo del UDA en el 60,8 % (n = 14), cierre parcial del UDA del 13,2 % (n = 3), persistencia del UDA inicial en el 21,7 % (n = 5) y cofosis en el 4,3 % (n = 1). Conclusiones: La migración de la prótesis es la causa más frecuente de fracaso de la estapedectomía. Obtuvimos un cierre completo del UDA en dos tercios de los pacientes

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the causes of failure in otosclerosis surgery. Material and method: We performed 23 revisions of stapedectomy during the period between January 2000 and April 2005. The time between the primary surgery and the revision surgery ranged from 3 months to 25 years. The most frequent reasons for revision surgery were first of all patients with closed initial gap and progressive hearing loss in 56.52 % of cases and secondly patients without any initial hearing improvement in 39.12 % of cases. Results: The main surgical findings were: short prosthesis in correct position (13.04 %), displaced prosthesis (60.87 %), bridles over the oval window (65.22 %), necrosis of the long process of the incus (26.2 %), and obliterative footplate (26.09 %). As for the audiometric results, we got a complete closure of gap in 60.8 % of patients (n = 14), partial closure of gap in 13.2 % (n = 3), persistence of the initial gap in 21.7 % (n = 5), and cophosis in 4.3 % (n = 1). Conclusions: The migration of the prosthesis is the main cause of failure after stapedectomy. Good closure of the gap was achieved in two thirds of the patients